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Taylor & Francis

Prepare your manuscript for Heat Transfer Engineering.

Review the checklist, choose your article type, and turn your draft into a cleaner submission package.

Checked 2026-08-01
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Article types

Review
Clinical Trial
Book Review
Editorial
Letter
Protocol
Lectio
Case Report
Systematic Review

Readiness requirements

Review the key details below, or download the complete checklist with every stored source-backed requirement.

Abstract length

  • Provide an author-written abstract of no more than 200 words.
  • Use a unstructured abstract.
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  • Should contain an unstructured abstract of 200 words.
  • Abstract: Every paper must have an abstract of 100–200 words.
  • Do not include equations, symbols, abbreviations, or reference numbers in the abstract.
  • Trial registration numbers should be included in the abstract, with full details in the methods section.
  • Your abstract should focus on what your research is about, what methods have been used, and what you found out.
  • The abstract should be only one paragraph.
  • The instructions for authors for each journal will give specific guidelines on what’s required here, including whether it should be a structured abstract or graphical abstract, and any word limits.

Keywords

  • Include or confirm the keywords required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Reference style

  • Articlo formats your supplied references in Vancouver style and checks that citations match the reference list; source validity is not verified.
  • Digits in square brackets (e.g., [1, 2] or [1-5]) should be used for both reference numbers and in-text citations.
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  • Digits in square brackets (e.g., [1, 2]) should be used for both reference numbers and in-text citations.
  • International Organization for Standardization 4 List of Title Word Abbreviations (ISO 4-LTWA) models should be employed for abbreviating journal titles and conference names in the reference section.
  • The references should be listed and numbered based on the order of their first citation.
  • Every reference should be assigned its own unique number.
  • Author listings in references should be formatted as indicated below.
  • Tables: Each table should be typed on a separate page and be placed after the reference section.
  • Editorial: References should be presented in a separate section at the end of the document, in accordance with the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (ver).
  • Each table should be typed on a separate page and be placed after the references section.
  • Readers should be able to interpret the table without reference to the text.
  • Editorial: References: References should be presented in a separate section after the acknowledgements (if available) or conclusions section and should be in accordance with the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (ver).
  • References should not be repeated in the list, with each mention given a different reference number, nor should multiple references be combined under a single reference number.
  • Bracketed citations should precede terminal (e.g., periods, commas, closed quotation marks, question marks, exclamation point) and nonterminal punctuation (e.g., semicolons, colons).
  • References should be typed double spaced.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Confirmation the authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the whole content, including accuracy of references.

Figure and table rules

  • Keep every figure and table numbered, captioned, and cited in the manuscript. Keep figures embedded; Articlo also extracts numbered source files for the package.
  • Group figures at the end of the manuscript.
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  • Group tables at the end of the manuscript.
  • Table footnotes should be keyed by superscript lower-case letters.
  • Submitted figures should be digital files, and for highest quality reproduction, should follow these guidelines: 300 dpi or higher.
  • Figures should be high quality (1200 dpi for line art, 600 dpi for grayscale and 300 dpi for colour, at the correct size).
  • Tables and figures Show clearly in your article text where the tables and figures should appear, for example, by writing [Table 1 near here].
  • As an author you are required to secure permission if you want to reproduce any figure, photo, table or extract text from any other source.
  • Appropriate figures and tables should be used to amplify the discussion.
  • The title of each table should be placed above each table.
  • Tables should be provided in an editable format such as Microsoft Word and not as images.
  • Figures: Each figure should be placed on a separate page after the last table.
  • Each figure should have its own caption placed below each figure.
  • Figure captions should be typed on a separate page and placed before the first figure.
  • Submitted figures should be digital files, and for highest quality reproduction, should follow these guidelines: sized to fit on journal page.
  • Submitted figures should be digital files, and for highest quality reproduction, should follow these guidelines: EPS, TIFF, or PSD format only.
  • Color illustrations will also be considered for print publication; however, the author will be required to bear the full cost involved in color art reproduction.
  • Figures should be saved separately from the text.
  • Each figure should be placed on a separate page at the end of the manuscript.
  • Tables should present new information rather than duplicating what is in the text.
  • It’s very important that you have been given permission to use any tables or figures you are reproducing from another source before you submit.
  • Figures should be supplied in one of our preferred file formats: PS, JPEG, TIFF, or Microsoft Word (DOC or DOCX) files are acceptable for figures that have been drawn in Word.
  • Check the instructions for authors to see how you should supply tables and figures, whether at the end of the text or in separate files, and follow any guidance given on the submission system.
  • Do not insert tables in the text.
  • Do not insert figures in the text.

Funding statement

  • You should declare only the acquired funds and grants that are directly relevant to the work reported in your article; for example, This work was supported by the [Funding Agency #1] under Grant [number xxxx]; [Funding Agency #2] under Grant [number xxxx]; and [Funding Agency #3] under Grant [number xxxx].

Competing interests

  • Include or confirm the competing interests required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Data availability statement

  • Include or confirm the data availability statement required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Ethics statement

  • Add or confirm the author-written Ethics statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • In settings where ethics approval for non-interventional studies (e.g. surveys) is not required, authors must include a statement to explain this.
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  • Authors should familiarise themselves with our policy on participant/patient privacy and informed consent.
  • Review: All original research papers involving humans, animals, plants, biological material, protected or non-public datasets, collections or sites, must include a written statement in the Methods section, confirming ethical approval has been obtained from the appropriate local ethics committee or Institutional Review Board and that where relevant, informed consent has been obtained.
  • Editorial: Consent All authors are required to follow the ICMJE requirements and Taylor & Francis Editorial Policies on privacy and informed consent from patients and study participants.
  • Authors must include a statement to confirm that any patient, service user, or participant (or that person’s parent or legal guardian) in any type of qualitative or quantitative research, has given informed consent to participate in the research.
  • Case Report: a clinical case report detailing their medical history, identifiable images or media content, etc), authors must include a statement to confirm that they have obtained written informed consent to publish the details from the affected individual (or their parents/guardians if the participant in not an adult or unable to give informed consent; or next of kin if the participant is deceased).
  • Case Report: For submissions where patients or participants can be potentially identified (e.g.

Cover letter

  • Using Third-Party Material You must obtain the necessary permission to reuse third-party material in your article.
  • Review: The use of short extracts of text and some other types of material is usually permitted, on a limited basis, for the purposes of criticism and review without securing formal permission.
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  • If you wish to include any material in your paper for which you do not hold copyright, and which is not covered by this informal agreement, you will need to obtain written permission from the copyright owner prior to submission.

Author contributions

  • Submitting authors should be prepared to submit CRediT roles for themselves and their co-authors (where applicable) as part of the submission process.

Title page and author information

  • Title, Authors, and Affiliations: Page 1 of the paper should contain a brief, clear, and descriptive article title of 10–12 words (do not use abbreviations in the title of the article); the full names (do not use first name initials) and institutional affiliations of all authors; and the name, complete mailing address, and e-mail address of the person to whom all correspondence and proofs should be addressed.
  • All authors of a manuscript should include their full name and affiliation on the cover page of the manuscript.
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  • One author will need to be identified as the corresponding author, with their email address normally displayed in the article PDF (depending on the journal) and the online article.

Article structure and word limits

  • Equations should be provided in an editable format using the latest version of Microsoft Equation Editor (Microsoft 365) Word and not as images.
  • This could be adapted from your departmental website or academic networking profile and should be relatively brief (e.g. no more than 200 words).
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  • Margins Margins should be at least 2.5cm (1 inch).
  • Letter: Manuscript Preparation Guide: All manuscripts must be typed double spaced on only one side of 22 x 28 cm letter sized paper, in single column with 12 point font size, and with margins of at least 2.54 cm all around.
  • Review: These instructions will ensure we have everything required so your paper can move through peer review, production and publication smoothly.
  • Your research funder or your institution may require you to publish your article open access.
  • Use our APC finder to view the APC for this journal.
  • All pages of the manuscript must be numbered.
  • Provide MS word version of your paper, not a PDF version.
  • Nomenclature must be double spaced and single column.
  • For all NIH/Welcome-funded papers, the grant number(s) must be included in the declaration of interest statement.
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical trials should be registered prospectively – i.e. before participant recruitment.
  • Editorial: Authors of retrospectively registered trials must be prepared to provide further information to the journal editorial office if requested.
  • Clinical Trial: The clinical trial registry should be publicly accessible (at no charge), open to all prospective registrants, and managed by a not-for-profit organization.
  • All research studies on humans (individuals, samples, or data) must have been performed in accordance with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki.
  • Please include all relevant safety precautions; and cite any accepted standard or code of practice.
  • Before you submit your article, make sure you’ve checked the instructions for authors for your chosen journal, so you are aware of everything required.
  • Most journals create image descriptions during the production process, but a minority may require authors to provide image descriptions.
  • Review: Running heads and received dates These aren’t required when submitting a manuscript for review.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Originality and accuracy of content has been confirmed by the authors.
  • Authors must provide full methodological details and adhere to relevant reporting guidelines where applicable.
  • Authors must retain the original and revised versions which must be shared upon request.
  • The PLSP guidelines for authors must be followed at all times.
  • All symbols in equations must be clear.
  • Use only conventional symbols.
  • Use standard symbols whenever possible.
  • Please use SI units (non-italicized).
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical Trials Registry In order to be published in a Taylor & Francis journal, all clinical trials must have been registered in a public repository, ideally at the beginning of the research process (prior to participant recruitment).
  • The process of obtaining consent to publish should include sharing the article with the individual (or whoever is consenting on their behalf), so that they are fully aware of the content of the article before it is published.
  • Special characters If you are preparing your manuscript in Microsoft Word and your article contains special characters, accents, or diacritics, we recommend you follow these steps: European accents (Greek, Hebrew, or Cyrillic letters, or phonetic symbols): choose Times New Roman font from the dropdown menu in the “Insert symbol” window and insert the character you require.
  • Special characters If you are preparing your manuscript in Microsoft Word and your article contains special characters, accents, or diacritics, we recommend you follow these steps: Asian languages (such as Sanskrit, Korean, Chinese, or Japanese): choose Arial Unicode font from the dropdown menu in the “Insert symbol” window and insert the character you require.
  • The VoR is the article in its final, definitive and citable form (this may not be immediately paginated, but is the version that will appear in an issue of the journal).
  • If you are at the early stage of your research, you may also need to read how to start writing a journal manuscript.
  • Do not place a box around the nomenclature.
  • Image descriptions are typically used by systems such as pronouncing screen readers to make images accessible to people that cannot read or see the object due to a visual disability.

Reporting guidelines

  • Include or confirm the reporting guidelines required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Preprints and prior publication

  • If you have shared an earlier version of your Author’s Original Manuscript on a preprint server, please be aware that anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Artificial intelligence disclosure

  • Add or confirm the author-written Artificial intelligence statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • Please include a statement disclosing whether and how generative AI has been used in the research and manuscript preparation process.
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  • Use of AI tools as part of ethical research studies is permitted.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: The name and version number of the AI tool used.
  • Systematic Review: Use of AI tools as part of ethically conducted literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and bibliometrics studies is permitted.
  • Use of AI tool assisted plain language summaries (PLS) of authors own work is permitted.
  • Please read our guidance on using AI tools in your research and manuscript preparation to understand scenarios where their use may be permissible, and the required information that must be disclosed.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Confirmation the authors have checked terms of use for the specific AI tool used, and therefore confirm suitability for publication.

Authorship and originality

  • Preparing Your Paper All authors submitting to medicine, biomedicine, health sciences, allied and public health journals should conform to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, prepared by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Article type and manuscript length

  • Should be written with the following elements in the following order: title page; abstract; main text introduction; body; examples; conclusion; nomenclature, abbreviations; equations; footnotes; references; acknowledgments; declaration of interest statement; references; appendices (as appropriate); table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); figures; figure captions (as a list).

Manuscript structure

  • Subscripts and superscripts should follow Greek symbols and be identified with a heading.
  • Introduction: The introduction should explain the purpose of the study, cite relevant work, and describe objectives.
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  • It may be broken down into several sections, which should be identified by descriptive, unnumbered headings (do not use section or sub-section numbers).
  • Conclusions: Point out the significance of the work, its limitations and advantages, applications of the results, and further work that should be done.
  • Letter: Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: First-level headings (e.g. Introduction, Conclusion) should be in bold, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • Authors must retain full records of the methods undertaken, including full descriptions and records of the prompts used, which must be shared with the journal upon request.
  • Clinical Trial: However, for clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, Taylor & Francis journals requires retrospective registration to ensure the transparent and complete dissemination of all clinical trial results which ultimately impact human health.

Language and text style

  • Please use American spelling style consistently throughout your manuscript.
  • Please use double quotation marks, except where “a quotation is ‘within’ a quotation”.
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  • Please note that long quotations should be indented without quotation marks.
  • Data should be reported in SI units or both SI and English units; give SI values first.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Fourth-level headings should be in bold italics, at the beginning of a paragraph.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Fifth-level headings should be in italics, at the beginning of a paragraph.
  • Nomenclature: A separate nomenclature section after the conclusions should list the symbols used in the manuscript, their definitions, and their units in metric or dual systems of units (metric and English).
  • Letter: Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Second-level headings should be in bold italics, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • Letter: Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Third-level headings should be in italics, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • Letter: The nomenclature list should be in alphabetical order with Greek symbols following the alphabetical listing of the English letter symbols.

Study reporting guidelines

  • For animal studies, approval must have been obtained from the local or institutional animal use and care committee.
  • Authors must provide full methodological details and adhere to relevant reporting guidelines where applicable (e.g. CONSORT-AI, STARD-AI, GAMER, TRIPOD-AI, etc).
Save journal and get updates Download complete checklist

What your package checks

Abstract: 200 words
References: Vancouver
Declarations: Ethics, Artificial intelligence
Format: Times New Roman

Source transparency

This preparation guide uses published journal-specific author requirements. Journal instructions can change, so authors should complete a final review before submission.

Open official guideline source