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Taylor & Francis

Prepare your manuscript for Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.

Review the checklist, choose your article type, and turn your draft into a cleaner submission package.

Checked 2026-08-01
Check readiness freePrepare this manuscript

Article types

Review
Clinical Trial
Research Article
Review Article
Case Report
Data Note
Commentary
Letter
Editorial
Systematic Review
Protocol
Perspective
Original Article
Lectio

Readiness requirements

Review the key details below, or download the complete checklist with every stored source-backed requirement.

Abstract length

  • Provide an author-written abstract of no more than 250 words.
  • Use a unstructured abstract.
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  • Should contain an unstructured abstract of 250 words.
  • Should contain an unstructured abstract of 200 words.
  • Should contain an unstructured abstract of 150 words.
  • Clinical Trial: The clinical trial registration number must be included in the abstract and methods sections.
  • Trial registration numbers should be included in the abstract, with full details in the methods section.
  • There are no strict formatting requirements, but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to evaluate a manuscript: abstract, author affiliation, figures, tables, funder information, and references.
  • Should be written with the following elements in the following order: Title page; Abstract; Keywords; Introduction; Patients/Materials and Methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusions; Funding Statement; Acknowledgments; Declaration of Interest Statement; Data Availability Statement; References; Appendices (as appropriate); Table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); Figures; Figure captions (as a list).
  • Should be written with the following elements in the following order: Title page; Abstract; Keywords; Introduction; Discussion; Conclusions; Funding Statement; Acknowledgments; Declaration of Interest Statement; Data Availability Statement; References; Appendices (as appropriate); Table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); Figures; Figure captions (as a list).
  • Should be written with the following elements in the following order: Title page; Abstract; Keywords; Introduction; Patients/Materials and Methods; Data desccription; Discussion; Funding Statement; Acknowledgments; Declaration of Interest Statement; Data Availability Statement; References; Appendices (as appropriate); Table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); Figures; Figure captions (as a list).

Keywords

  • Provide 5-10 keywords chosen by the author.
  • Should contain between 5 and 10 keywords.

Reference style

  • Articlo formats your supplied references to the journal's stored style and checks that citations match the reference list; source validity is not verified.
  • For manuscripts submitted in LaTeX format a.bib reference file must be included.
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  • All bibliographic entries must contain a corresponding in-text citation.
  • Readers should be able to interpret the table without reference to the text.
  • If you reply yes, you will be required to provide the DOI, pre-registered DOI, hyperlink, or other persistent identifier associated with the data set(s).
  • The DAS should include the hyperlink, DOI or other persistent identifier associated with the data set(s), or information on how the data can be requested from the authors.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Confirmation the authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the whole content, including accuracy of references.
  • Original Article: Should be written with the following elements in the following order: Title page; Citation for original article on which this summary is based; Summary; Funding Statement; Acknowledgments; Declaration of Interest Statement; References; Table(s) with caption(s) (on individual pages); Figures; Figure captions (as a list).

Figure and table rules

  • Keep every figure and table numbered, captioned, and cited in the manuscript.
  • Figures should be high quality (1200 dpi for line art, 600 dpi for grayscale and 300 dpi for colour, at the correct size).
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  • Figures should be of sufficient resolution to enable refereeing.
  • Tables should present new information rather than duplicating what is in the text.
  • Figures should be supplied in one of our preferred file formats: PS, JPEG, TIFF, or Microsoft Word (DOC or DOCX) files are acceptable for figures that have been drawn in Word.

Funding statement

  • You should declare only the acquired funds and grants that are directly relevant to the work reported in your article; for example, This work was supported by the [Funding Agency #1] under Grant [number xxxx]; [Funding Agency #2] under Grant [number xxxx]; and [Funding Agency #3] under Grant [number xxxx].

Competing interests

  • Include or confirm the competing interests required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Data availability statement

  • Add or confirm the author-written Data availability statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • Data Note: Further to the data sharing policy for the journal, Data Note submissions must include a data availability statement and describe data available via a repository.
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  • Authors are required to provide a data availability statement, detailing where data associated with a paper can be found and how it can be accessed.
  • If data cannot be made open, authors should state why in the data availability statement.
  • Authors are required to cite any data sets referenced in the article and provide a Data Availability Statement.
  • Articles need to meet the Open Science Badges criteria in order to earn a badge.

Ethics statement

  • Add or confirm the author-written Ethics statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • Protocol: The Patients/Materials and Methods should present a study protocol.
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  • In settings where ethics approval for non-interventional studies (e.g. surveys) is not required, authors must include a statement to explain this.
  • Authors should familiarise themselves with our policy on participant/patient privacy and informed consent.
  • Protocol: In experimental studies of human/animal subjects, a statement should be included which indicates that the informed consent of the subjects and acceptance of the study protocol by a local ethics committee has been obtained.
  • Review: All original research papers involving humans, animals, plants, biological material, protected or non-public datasets, collections or sites, must include a written statement in the Methods section, confirming ethical approval has been obtained from the appropriate local ethics committee or Institutional Review Board and that where relevant, informed consent has been obtained.
  • Editorial: Consent All authors are required to follow the ICMJE requirements and Taylor & Francis Editorial Policies on privacy and informed consent from patients and study participants.
  • Authors must include a statement to confirm that any patient, service user, or participant (or that person’s parent or legal guardian) in any type of qualitative or quantitative research, has given informed consent to participate in the research.
  • Case Report: a clinical case report detailing their medical history, identifiable images or media content, etc), authors must include a statement to confirm that they have obtained written informed consent to publish the details from the affected individual (or their parents/guardians if the participant in not an adult or unable to give informed consent; or next of kin if the participant is deceased).
  • Case Report: A medical case report – also sometimes called a clinical case study – is an original short report that describes a single or limited number of related patient cases.
  • Case Report: For submissions where patients or participants can be potentially identified (e.g.

Cover letter

  • Letter: Provide the claims and editor-specific context for the cover letter; Articlo creates an editable companion without inventing content.
  • Letter: Requests to waive publication charges must be made at the time of submission online, not in a Cover Letter, and will not be accommodated later.
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  • Using Third-Party Material You must obtain the necessary permission to reuse third-party material in your article.
  • Review: The use of short extracts of text and some other types of material is usually permitted, on a limited basis, for the purposes of criticism and review without securing formal permission.
  • If you wish to include any material in your paper for which you do not hold copyright, and which is not covered by this informal agreement, you will need to obtain written permission from the copyright owner prior to submission.

Author contributions

  • Submitting authors should be prepared to submit CRediT roles for themselves and their co-authors (where applicable) as part of the submission process.

Title page and author information

  • All authors of a manuscript should include their full name and affiliation on the cover page of the manuscript.
  • One author will need to be identified as the corresponding author, with their email address normally displayed in the article PDF (depending on the journal) and the online article.

Article structure and word limits

  • This could be adapted from your departmental website or academic networking profile and should be relatively brief (e.g. no more than 200 words).
  • Should be no more than 5,000 words.
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  • Should be no more than 3,000 words.
  • Should be no more than 8,000 words.
  • Should be between 3,000 and 5,000 words.
  • Should be between 2,000 and 4,000 words.
  • Should be between 1000 and 2000 words.
  • Should be between 1000 and 3000 words.
  • It should be a maximum width of 525 pixels.
  • Review: These instructions will ensure we have everything required so your paper can move through peer review, production and publication smoothly.
  • Should you have any queries, please visit our Author Services website or contact us here.
  • Please note that discounts must be applied at the Charges stage of the submission process when the APC quote is confirmed and may not be considered after submission.
  • Research Article: Research Articles should report on original primary research.
  • The current findings should be compared and contrasted with related published studies.
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical Trials should be prospectively registered in a publicly accessible registry conforming to WHO standards.
  • Reviews should summarise recent insights in specific research areas within the scope of the journal.
  • The paper must include adequate and appropriate validation, all experimental controls, and link to available data.
  • If there are concerns about identifying factors in datasets, these should be discussed with the Editor-in-Chief prior to submission.
  • Note that this is not required for submission but is encouraged.
  • Review: It should emphasize opinions of the authors or present authors’ ideas differently from in a review.
  • Note that, regardless of the file format of the original submission, an editable version of the article must be supplied at the revision stage.
  • For all NIH/Welcome-funded papers, the grant number(s) must be included in the declaration of interest statement.
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical trials should be registered prospectively – i.e. before participant recruitment.
  • Editorial: Authors of retrospectively registered trials must be prepared to provide further information to the journal editorial office if requested.
  • Clinical Trial: The clinical trial registry should be publicly accessible (at no charge), open to all prospective registrants, and managed by a not-for-profit organization.
  • All research studies on humans (individuals, samples, or data) must have been performed in accordance with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki.
  • Please include all relevant safety precautions; and cite any accepted standard or code of practice.
  • You will also need to upload your LaTeX source files, which should be uploaded as a single zip file alongside your submission and marked as “LaTeX Source Files”.
  • Review: If further re-review is required, this will reset the timeline to start from the submission date of the revisions, with re-review prioritised as per the chosen track.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Originality and accuracy of content has been confirmed by the authors.
  • Authors must provide full methodological details and adhere to relevant reporting guidelines where applicable.
  • Authors must retain the original and revised versions which must be shared upon request.
  • The PLSP guidelines for authors must be followed at all times.
  • If you submit a paper to a participating journal, you will then receive an email upon submission with: Details of the badges offered by the journal.
  • If you submit a paper to a participating journal, you will then receive an email upon submission with: Links to additional information.
  • If you submit a paper to a participating journal, you will then receive an email upon submission with: An open practices disclosure form.
  • If you submit a paper to a participating journal, you will then receive an email upon submission with: The journal editor’s email address.
  • Note that bibliometric studies will only occasionally be considered and must provide a deep, rigorous analysis of current and future topics in order to bring value to the field.
  • They should provide a relevant up-to-date and substantial coverage of mature subjects, evaluations of progress in specified areas, and/or critical assessments of emerging technologies.
  • Perspective: There are three types of Commentaries, all of which are at least partly subjective papers: Commenting on the most significant recent and forthcoming published research papers, to provide a summary and perspective with additional insights, new interpretations or speculation on the relevant topic.
  • Please use SI units (non-italicized).
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical Trials Registry In order to be published in a Taylor & Francis journal, all clinical trials must have been registered in a public repository, ideally at the beginning of the research process (prior to participant recruitment).
  • The process of obtaining consent to publish should include sharing the article with the individual (or whoever is consenting on their behalf), so that they are fully aware of the content of the article before it is published.
  • Please note that data should only be shared if it is ethically correct to do so, where this does not violate the protection of human subjects, or other valid ethical, privacy, or security concerns.
  • Such as: The standards on Data, Materials, and Analytical Code Transparency speak to the items generated over the course of the study and how you should preserve or share them.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Origin and research basis for the design of the product.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Preclinical studies and toxicology.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Production.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Assays for releasing and characterizing the final product.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Clinical studies.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Regulatory issues.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Public-health implications.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Commercial issues.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Advantages and disadvantages relative to other products for the same or related disease.
  • Please do not embed it in the manuscript file but save it as a separate file, labelled GraphicalAbstract1.
  • Review: A Product Review should cover the following aspects: Nature of the disease being prevented or treated, and the basis in human biology / pathology for the vaccine or immunotherapeutic.
  • Review: There are three types of Commentaries, all of which are at least partly subjective papers: A focused review or theoretical paper that is primarily addressed to the experts in the field.
  • There are three types of Commentaries, all of which are at least partly subjective papers: Addressing the most significant conceptual changes and on groundbreaking work described in recent years, envisioning a potential conceptual framework for the breakthrough.
  • Image descriptions are typically used by systems such as pronouncing screen readers to make images accessible to people that cannot read or see the object due to a visual disability.
  • COS currently offers three badges in its program: The Open Materials badge is earned by making publicly available the components of the research methodology needed to reproduce the reported procedure and analysis.

Reporting guidelines

  • Include or confirm the reporting guidelines required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Preprints and prior publication

  • If you have shared an earlier version of your Author’s Original Manuscript on a preprint server, please be aware that anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Artificial intelligence disclosure

  • Add or confirm the author-written Artificial intelligence statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • Please include a statement disclosing whether and how generative AI has been used in the research and manuscript preparation process.
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  • Use of AI tools as part of ethical research studies is permitted.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: The name and version number of the AI tool used.
  • Systematic Review: Use of AI tools as part of ethically conducted literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and bibliometrics studies is permitted.
  • Use of AI tool assisted plain language summaries (PLS) of authors own work is permitted.
  • Please read our guidance on using AI tools in your research and manuscript preparation to understand scenarios where their use may be permissible, and the required information that must be disclosed.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Confirmation the authors have checked terms of use for the specific AI tool used, and therefore confirm suitability for publication.

Authorship and originality

  • Preparing Your Paper All authors submitting to medicine, biomedicine, health sciences, allied and public health journals should conform to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, prepared by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Manuscript structure

  • Full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
  • The Discussion should commence with a very brief presentation of the major findings of the study and conclude with the implications and/or applications of the findings.
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  • The limitations should be presented before the Conclusion.
  • Research Article: Data Notes do not include any interpretation or conclusions of the data but may be linked to a research article incorporating analysis of the published dataset, as well as the results and conclusions.
  • Authors must retain full records of the methods undertaken, including full descriptions and records of the prompts used, which must be shared with the journal upon request.
  • Clinical Trial: However, for clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, Taylor & Francis journals requires retrospective registration to ensure the transparent and complete dissemination of all clinical trial results which ultimately impact human health.

Study reporting guidelines

  • Should follow the relevant reporting guideline for the study.
  • All studies involving experiments on live animals must meet the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE).
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  • STROBE-MR checklists are required upon submission for Mendelian randomization studies.
  • Review: All checklists (including CONSORT, CHEERS, PRISMA, ARRIVE, and STROBE-MR) should be uploaded as separate attachments to facilitate peer review.
  • For animal studies, approval must have been obtained from the local or institutional animal use and care committee.
  • Authors must provide full methodological details and adhere to relevant reporting guidelines where applicable (e.g. CONSORT-AI, STARD-AI, GAMER, TRIPOD-AI, etc).

Article type and manuscript length

  • Review: SOTA Reviews should be submitted as “Review” article type with “State-of-the-Art Review” as the subject section.
  • Original research without subjectivity should be submitted as the appropriate article type e.g. a Rapid Communication.

Blinded manuscript

  • The PDF should be uploaded as the “Manuscript - with author details”/“Manuscript - anonymous” file.
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What your package checks

Abstract: 250 words
Keywords: 5-10 keywords
Declarations: Data availability, Ethics, Artificial intelligence

Source transparency

This preparation guide uses published journal-specific author requirements. Journal instructions can change, so authors should complete a final review before submission.

Open official guideline source