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Taylor & Francis

Prepare your manuscript for Prehospital Emergency Care.

Review the checklist, choose your article type, and turn your draft into a cleaner submission package.

Checked 2026-08-02
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Article types

Review
Clinical Trial
Research Article
Systematic Review
Editorial
Letter
Lectio
Review Article
Case Report
Protocol

Readiness requirements

Review the key details below, or download the complete checklist with every stored source-backed requirement.

Abstract length

  • Provide an author-written abstract of no more than 350 words.
  • Use a unstructured abstract.
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  • Original research submission are typically 5000 words maximum exclusive of front material, references, or abstract.
  • Should contain a structured abstract of 350 words.
  • Submissions classified as an exploratory study should adhere to a maximum of 2000 words (exclusive of front matter, references, abstract, etc.,), and one figure or table.
  • Should contain an unstructured abstract of 350 words.
  • Submissions classified as pilot research studies should adhere to a typical maximum of 2000 words (exclusive of front matter, references, abstract, etc.), and no more than one figure and one table.
  • Review: Submissions of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, rapid reviews, and scoping reviews should adhere to a typical maximum 5000 words (exclusive of front matter, references, abstract, etc.,).
  • Trial registration numbers should be included in the abstract, with full details in the methods section.
  • Your abstract should focus on what your research is about, what methods have been used, and what you found out.
  • The study design should be reported in the abstract and methods sections with appropriate references / citations to commonly sourced papers or materials that offer the reader a definitive description of the design.
  • The instructions for authors for each journal will give specific guidelines on what’s required here, including whether it should be a structured abstract or graphical abstract, and any word limits.
  • Should be written with the following elements in the following order: Title page; abstract with keywords; main document; acknowledgments; declaration of interest statement; generative AI declaration statement; references; appendices and supplemental materials (as appropriate); table footnotes; figure footnotes.

Keywords

  • Provide 3-6 keywords chosen by the author.
  • Should contain between 3 and 6 keywords.
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  • Please use MESH-based keywords when selecting the keywords for your submission (source: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html ).

Reference style

  • Articlo formats your supplied references in AMA style and checks that citations match the reference list; source validity is not verified.
  • Citations should be positioned outside the quotation mark that closes the passage [e.g., “Measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not” (18).].
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  • If there are more than 10 authors, the reference entry should list the first ten followed by et al.
  • Figure and table titles as well as footnotes should be listed / presented after the References section (without the figure/tables included).
  • Citations should precede terminal punctuation (e.g., periods, commas, closed quotation marks, question marks) and non-terminal punctuation (e.g., semi-colons, colons).
  • Reference numbers appearing in the Bibliography / Reference section should appear consecutively based on the order of their first citation in the text.
  • References in the bibliography should not be placed (appear) in parentheses.
  • Where applicable, this should include the hyperlink, DOI or other persistent identifier associated with the data set(s).
  • Readers should be able to interpret the table without reference to the text.
  • The main document should begin on a new page and the main section headings (for most submissions) should include Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Limitations, Conclusions, and References.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Confirmation the authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the whole content, including accuracy of references.

Figure and table rules

  • Keep every figure and table numbered, captioned, and cited in the manuscript. Keep figures embedded; Articlo also extracts numbered source files for the package.
  • Group figures at the end of the manuscript.
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  • Group tables at the end of the manuscript.
  • Please use figures, tables, and graphs judiciously (Sources: Schriger & Cooper, 2001, Ann Emerg Med, PMID-11145777).
  • Figures should be high quality (1200 dpi for line art, 600 dpi for grayscale and 300 dpi for colour, at the correct size).
  • Tables and figures Show clearly in your article text where the tables and figures should appear, for example, by writing [Table 1 near here].
  • This section should be titled: Table Captions & Figure Captions.
  • Figures should be saved separately from the text.
  • Each figure and table should be uploaded in a separate file, not in the main manuscript file.
  • Tables should present new information rather than duplicating what is in the text.
  • It’s very important that you have been given permission to use any tables or figures you are reproducing from another source before you submit.
  • Authors should be cognizant of manuscript length, and complicated or exhaustive tables and charts should be presented as online appendixes unless their inclusion in the body of the manuscript is essential for communicating the project’s external implications.
  • Figures should be supplied in one of our preferred file formats: PS, JPEG, TIFF, or Microsoft Word (DOC or DOCX) files are acceptable for figures that have been drawn in Word.
  • Check the instructions for authors to see how you should supply tables and figures, whether at the end of the text or in separate files, and follow any guidance given on the submission system.

Funding statement

  • You should declare only the acquired funds and grants that are directly relevant to the work reported in your article; for example, This work was supported by the [Funding Agency #1] under Grant [number xxxx]; [Funding Agency #2] under Grant [number xxxx]; and [Funding Agency #3] under Grant [number xxxx].

Competing interests

  • Include or confirm the competing interests required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Data availability statement

  • Include or confirm the data availability statement required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Ethics statement

  • Add or confirm the author-written Ethics statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • In settings where ethics approval for non-interventional studies (e.g. surveys) is not required, authors must include a statement to explain this.
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  • Authors should familiarise themselves with our policy on participant/patient privacy and informed consent.
  • Case Report: a clinical case report detailing the medical history, identifiable images or media content, etc.), authors must include a statement to confirm that they have obtained written informed consent to publish the details from the affected individual (or the parents/guardians if the participant in not an adult or is unable to give informed consent; or next of kin if the participant is deceased).
  • Although federal regulations do not require quality improvement activities to have institutional review board (IRB) approval, the distinction between quality improvement and research is not simple.
  • All original research papers involving humans, animals, plants, biological material, protected or non-public datasets, collections or sites, must include a written statement in the Methods section, confirming ethical approval has been obtained from the appropriate local ethics committee or Institutional Review Board and that where relevant, informed consent has been obtained.
  • Consent All authors are required to follow the ICMJE requirements and Taylor & Francis Editorial Policies on privacy and informed consent from patients and study participants.
  • Authors must include a statement to confirm that any patient, service user, or participant (or that person’s parent or legal guardian) in any type of qualitative or quantitative research, has given informed consent to participate in the research.
  • Case Report: a clinical case report detailing their medical history, identifiable images or media content, etc), authors must include a statement to confirm that they have obtained written informed consent to publish the details from the affected individual (or their parents/guardians if the participant in not an adult or unable to give informed consent; or next of kin if the participant is deceased).
  • Case Report: For submissions where patients or participants can be potentially identified (e.g.

Cover letter

  • Using Third-Party Material You must obtain the necessary permission to reuse third-party material in your article.
  • The use of short extracts of text and some other types of material is usually permitted, on a limited basis, for the purposes of criticism and review without securing formal permission.
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  • If you wish to include any material in your paper for which you do not hold copyright, and which is not covered by this informal agreement, you will need to obtain written permission from the copyright owner prior to submission.

Author contributions

  • Submitting authors should be prepared to submit CRediT roles for themselves and their co-authors (where applicable) as part of the submission process.

Title page and author information

  • All authors of a manuscript should include their full name and affiliation on the cover page of the manuscript.
  • One author will need to be identified as the corresponding author, with their email address normally displayed in the article PDF (depending on the journal) and the online article.

Article structure and word limits

  • Text should appear in 12-point Times New Roman or other common 12-point font (e.g., Arial).
  • Basic in-text formatting should adhere to using digits in parentheses (e.g., (1)).
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  • Margins Margins should be at least 2.5cm (1 inch).
  • Should be no more than 5000 words.
  • Should be no more than 2000 words.
  • Case Report: While there is no clear-cut standard or defined minimum or maximum number of cases that distinguishes a case report from a case series, we distinguish a case series from a case report as having five or more cases presented (Sources: Carey & Boden, 2003, Spine, PMID-12897483; Esene et al., 2014, World Neurosurg, PMID-24831106; Abu-Zidan et al., 2012, Afr Health Sci, PMID-23515566).
  • Use 9-1-1, not 911, as per NENA standards.
  • These instructions will ensure we have everything required so your paper can move through peer review, production and publication smoothly.
  • Your research funder or your institution may require you to publish your article open access.
  • Use our APC finder to view the APC for this journal.
  • Review: Abstracts for literature reviews and other reviews must specify how the literature was searched and how cited articles were chosen.
  • Other entities should discuss possible submissions with the editor-in-chief.
  • Position papers may not include all structure elements listed.
  • Editorial: Commentaries and/or Editorials may not include all structure elements listed.
  • Manuscripts should report the (preferably iterative) Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle(s) for systematic or process interventions.
  • Please use the preferred template for Quality Improvement/Assessment submissions found here: Quality Improvement/Assessment Editor Template.
  • Use EMS clinician (preferred), personnel, practitioner, or responder when referring to individuals.
  • Use the terms medical oversight, direct medical oversight, and indirect medical oversight.
  • Use the term “air medical services” rather than “aeromedical” (which typically refers to flight physiology).
  • Author listings: We list authors by full name, but we do not list degrees, titles, and credentials.
  • Data: The word data is technically a plural and should almost always be used as such.
  • Do not use “they” or other plural pronouns in place of singulars.
  • Ordinary nouns such as emergency department, fellow, and trauma center do not require capitalization.
  • Use generic drug names unless the trade name is relevant.
  • The main document should be double-spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides, and all pages should be numbered consecutively.
  • For all NIH/Welcome-funded papers, the grant number(s) must be included in the declaration of interest statement.
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical trials should be registered prospectively – i.e. before participant recruitment.
  • Authors of retrospectively registered trials must be prepared to provide further information to the journal editorial office if requested.
  • Clinical Trial: The clinical trial registry should be publicly accessible (at no charge), open to all prospective registrants, and managed by a not-for-profit organization.
  • All research studies on humans (individuals, samples, or data) must have been performed in accordance with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki.
  • Please include all relevant safety precautions; and cite any accepted standard or code of practice.
  • Before you submit your article, make sure you’ve checked the instructions for authors for your chosen journal, so you are aware of everything required.
  • Most journals create image descriptions during the production process, but a minority may require authors to provide image descriptions.
  • Review: Running heads and received dates These aren’t required when submitting a manuscript for review.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Originality and accuracy of content has been confirmed by the authors.
  • Authors must provide full methodological details and adhere to relevant reporting guidelines where applicable.
  • Authors must retain the original and revised versions which must be shared upon request.
  • The PLSP guidelines for authors must be followed at all times.
  • With regards to original research that uses a cross-sectional survey study design, response rates should be reported with a clear description of the response rate calculation.
  • Systematic Review: It is best practice, but not required, to register a systematic review study with a central clearinghouse of pre-registered systematic review investigations (e.g., PROSPERO).
  • For example, “more data is needed to translate to utility for civilian hemorrhage control” should be “more data are needed to translate to utility for civilian hemorrhage control”.
  • Please use SI units (non-italicized).
  • Clinical Trial: Clinical Trials Registry In order to be published in a Taylor & Francis journal, all clinical trials must have been registered in a public repository, ideally at the beginning of the research process (prior to participant recruitment).
  • The process of obtaining consent to publish should include sharing the article with the individual (or whoever is consenting on their behalf), so that they are fully aware of the content of the article before it is published.
  • Special characters If you are preparing your manuscript in Microsoft Word and your article contains special characters, accents, or diacritics, we recommend you follow these steps: European accents (Greek, Hebrew, or Cyrillic letters, or phonetic symbols): choose Times New Roman font from the dropdown menu in the “Insert symbol” window and insert the character you require.
  • Special characters If you are preparing your manuscript in Microsoft Word and your article contains special characters, accents, or diacritics, we recommend you follow these steps: Asian languages (such as Sanskrit, Korean, Chinese, or Japanese): choose Arial Unicode font from the dropdown menu in the “Insert symbol” window and insert the character you require.
  • Position Papers Position papers often do not qualify as an observational or experimental research submission.
  • The VoR is the article in its final, definitive and citable form (this may not be immediately paginated, but is the version that will appear in an issue of the journal).
  • If you are at the early stage of your research, you may also need to read how to start writing a journal manuscript.
  • Image descriptions are typically used by systems such as pronouncing screen readers to make images accessible to people that cannot read or see the object due to a visual disability.

Reporting guidelines

  • Include or confirm the reporting guidelines required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Statistical reporting

  • Include or confirm the statistical reporting required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Preprints and prior publication

  • If you have shared an earlier version of your Author’s Original Manuscript on a preprint server, please be aware that anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Artificial intelligence disclosure

  • Add or confirm the author-written Artificial intelligence statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • The Editors of Prehospital Emergency Care do not preclude the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist authors in preparation of their manuscripts.
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  • Generative AI tools should only be used to improve language and readability, with caution.
  • Please include a statement disclosing whether and how generative AI has been used in the research and manuscript preparation process.
  • Use of AI tools as part of ethical research studies is permitted.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: The name and version number of the AI tool used.
  • Systematic Review: Use of AI tools as part of ethically conducted literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and bibliometrics studies is permitted.
  • Use of AI tool assisted plain language summaries (PLS) of authors own work is permitted.
  • Please read our guidance on using AI tools in your research and manuscript preparation to understand scenarios where their use may be permissible, and the required information that must be disclosed.
  • A declaration must be included within the submission stating: Confirmation the authors have checked terms of use for the specific AI tool used, and therefore confirm suitability for publication.
  • Authors must include one of the following statements regarding generative AI and place it at the end of the manuscript submission, immediately after the declaration of interest statement.

Authorship and originality

  • Preparing Your Paper All authors submitting to medicine, biomedicine, health sciences, allied and public health journals should conform to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, prepared by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Study reporting guidelines

  • Systematic Review: It is best practice and expected that authors include a PRISMA checklist and flow diagram with submissions classified as a systematic review with or without a meta-analysis (Sources: Page et al., 2021, BMJ, PMID-33782057).
  • It is best practice for authors submitting a rapid review to follow existing guidance, formatting, and recommended synthesis of findings, and it is expected that authors submit a PRISMA checklist applicable to rapid reviews as identified by equator-network.org (Sources: Garritty et al., 2021, J Clin Epidemiol, PMID-33068715).
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  • Quality improvement activities and the resultant manuscripts should adhere to the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines (Sources: NAEMSP, 2018, Prehosp Emerg Care, PMID-29595357).
  • Use health care, not healthcare, as per the AMA Style Guide.
  • For animal studies, approval must have been obtained from the local or institutional animal use and care committee.
  • Authors must provide full methodological details and adhere to relevant reporting guidelines where applicable (e.g. CONSORT-AI, STARD-AI, GAMER, TRIPOD-AI, etc).
  • It is best practice and expected that authors include (upload as a separate document) a standardized checklist (e.g., from the equator-network.org) that is applicable to the study design outlined in the submission.
  • Please include as separate documents (upload) all applicable checklists specific to the type of study design (type of submission) (sources: https://www.equator-network.org/ and http://prisma-statement.org/, for example).

Manuscript structure

  • The approval, exemption, or determination of “not human subjects research” should be noted in the methods section.
  • The manuscript discussion and conclusion should highlight what the external audience can learn from the reported experience, and not just the internal success or failure of the activity.
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  • The formal hypothesis (if your study has one) can start off the “Results” section; however, the reader should get a very clear picture of the study question that you are seeking to answer in this last sentence of the “Introduction”.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: First-level headings (e.g. Introduction, Conclusion) should be in bold, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • Authors must retain full records of the methods undertaken, including full descriptions and records of the prompts used, which must be shared with the journal upon request.
  • Abstracts should be structured with the following headings (Objectives, Methods, Results, Conclusions).
  • Clinical Trial: However, for clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, Taylor & Francis journals requires retrospective registration to ensure the transparent and complete dissemination of all clinical trial results which ultimately impact human health.

Language and text style

  • Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.) should be consulted for spelling.
  • Please use American spelling style consistently throughout your manuscript.
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  • Please use double quotation marks, except where “a quotation is ‘within’ a quotation”.
  • Please note that long quotations should be indented without quotation marks.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Fourth-level headings should be in bold italics, at the beginning of a paragraph.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Fifth-level headings should be in italics, at the beginning of a paragraph.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Second-level headings should be in bold italics, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Third-level headings should be in italics, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
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What your package checks

Abstract: 350 words
Keywords: 3-6 keywords
References: AMA
Declarations: Ethics, Artificial intelligence
Format: Times New Roman, double spacing, 1" margins

Source transparency

This preparation guide uses published journal-specific author requirements. Journal instructions can change, so authors should complete a final review before submission.

Open official guideline source