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Taylor & Francis

Prepare your manuscript for Safundi.

Review the checklist, choose your article type, and turn your draft into a cleaner submission package.

Checked 2026-08-02
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Article types

Review
Research Article
Review Article
Editorial
Clinical Trial
Protocol
Commentary
Letter
Lectio
Letter to the Editor
Book Review

Readiness requirements

Review the key details below, or download the complete checklist with every stored source-backed requirement.

Abstract length

  • Provide an author-written abstract of no more than 150 words.
  • Use a structured abstract.
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  • An abstract is treated like a journal article, but the word ‘abstract’ must be added.
  • Your abstract should focus on what your research is about, what methods have been used, and what you found out.
  • The instructions for authors for each journal will give specific guidelines on what’s required here, including whether it should be a structured abstract or graphical abstract, and any word limits.
  • A non-structured abstract of no more than 150 words.

Keywords

  • Include or confirm the keywords required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Reference style

  • Articlo formats your supplied references to the journal's stored style and checks that citations match the reference list; source validity is not verified.
  • A typical article for this journal should be more than 7,000 and no more than 12,000 words; this limit includes tables, references, figure captions, footnotes, endnotes.
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  • Using more than one note reference at a single location (such as 5, 6) should be rigorously avoided.
  • If an access date is required, include it parenthetically, at the end of the citation: Information Classification: General 7.
  • William Arrowsmith, in Euripides, vol. 4 of The Complete Greek Tragedies, ed. David Grene and Richmond Lattimore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 185–288. Information Classification: General In a bibliography, the first name(s) or title listed should be the one most relevant to the work in which the entry appears.
  • In reference lists, list under the name of the database. (NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database [object name IRAS F00400+4059]) Item in online database Journal articles published in online databases should be cited as an online journal.
  • Where applicable, this should include the hyperlink, DOI or other persistent identifier associated with the data set(s).
  • Readers should be able to interpret the table without reference to the text.
  • The citations are separated by semicolons and must appear in the same order as the text material (whether works, quotations, or whatever) to which they pertain.
  • It must never be used if the preceding note contains more than one citation.
  • Although not all annotated works require a bibliography, since full details can be given in the notes, an alphabetical bibliography serves a number of purposes.
  • In a bibliography, only the first author’s name is inverted, and a comma must appear both before and after the first author’s given name or initials.
  • In a bibliography or reference list, only the first author’s name is inverted, and a comma must appear both before and after the first author’s given name or initials.
  • If an access date is required, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the first example below.
  • Citations to such material should generally be limited to text and notes.
  • The abbreviation et al. should be avoided in such citations.
  • The bibliography should include all works cited in the notes, in which case the note citations—even the first citation to a particular work—can be quite concise, since readers can turn to the bibliography for publication details and other information.
  • No author Although the use of ‘Anonymous’ is generally to be avoided, it may stand in place of the author’s name in a reference list in which several anonymous works need to be grouped.
  • To avoid an unwieldy string of names, and with apologies to those authors whose names are sacrificed, Chicago recommends that for references with ten authors or fewer, all should be listed; for references with eleven or more, only the first seven should be listed, followed by ‘et al.’ Authors and editors of multivolume works Some multivolume works have both a general editor and individual editors or authors for each volume.
  • In the sciences especially, it has become customary to cite databases as follows: list, at a minimum, in this order, the name of the database, the URL, a descriptive phrase or record locator (such as a data marker or accession number) indicating the part of the database being cited or explaining the nature of the reference, and finally an access date.
  • If a source changes or becomes unavailable, citations to that source may need to be adjusted; authors and publishers should therefore verify the accuracy of citations to electronic content as close to the publication date as possible.
  • Any logically parenthetical reference to a URL should be put in parentheses; angle brackets ( ), which have specific meaning within some markup languages, including html, should never be used to enclose a URL.
  • Citations to British government documents, as to US documents, should begin with the name of the authorizing body—whether Parliament, Public Record Office, Foreign Office, or whatever, preceded (unless obvious from the context) by “United Kingdom.” Unpublished The main depositories for unpublished government documents in the United Kingdom are the Public Record Office (PRO) and the British Library (BL), both in London. (The British Library is a division of the British Museum; before it was called the British Library, citations to documents housed there used the abbreviation BM.) References usually include such classifications as Admiralty (Adm.), Chancery (C), Colonial Office (CO), Exchequer (E), Foreign Office (FO), or State Papers (SP) as well as the collection and volume numbers and, where relevant, the folio or page number(s).
  • Citations should include the names of both the person interviewed and the interviewer; brief identifying information, if appropriate; the place or date of the interview (or both, if known); and, if a transcript or tape is available, where it may be found.
  • Online encyclopaedia, etc. Online versions of encyclopedias are subject to continuous updates and should therefore be considered databases rather than standard reference works with standard edition numbers.
  • If an access date is required include it parenthetically at the end of the citation. Information Classification: General For original content from online sources other than periodicals, include as much of the following as can be determined: author of the content, title of the page, title or owner of the site, URL.
  • For Chicago notes, you need to choose the examples labelled N (for notes) and B (for bibliography), not the ones labelled T (text) and R (references).
  • Access dates Access dates in online source citations are of limited value, since previous versions will often be unavailable to readers (not to mention that an author may have consulted several revisions across any number of days in the course of research).
  • Though the version of the article accessed on a given date may not be the one available to a reader at a later date, an access date will at least indicate the timeliness of the source citation.

Figure and table rules

  • Keep every figure and table numbered, captioned, and cited in the manuscript. Keep figures embedded; Articlo also extracts numbered source files for the package.
  • Group figures at the end of the manuscript.
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  • Group tables at the end of the manuscript.
  • A typical visual essay for this journal would include a maximum of 10 images and an introductory text and/or extended captions not longer than 2,000 words.
  • Figures should be high quality (1200 dpi for line art, 600 dpi for grayscale and 300 dpi for colour, at the correct size).
  • Tables and figures Show clearly in your article text where the tables and figures should appear, for example, by writing [Table 1 near here].
  • Figures should be saved separately from the text.
  • Tables should present new information rather than duplicating what is in the text.
  • It’s very important that you have been given permission to use any tables or figures you are reproducing from another source before you submit.
  • Figures should be supplied in one of our preferred file formats: EPS, PS, JPEG, TIFF, or Microsoft Word (DOC or DOCX) files are acceptable for figures that have been drawn in Word.
  • Check the instructions for authors to see how you should supply tables and figures, whether at the end of the text or in separate files, and follow any guidance given on the submission system.

Funding statement

  • You should declare only the acquired funds and grants that are directly relevant to the work reported in your article; for example, This work was supported by the [Funding Agency #1] under Grant [number xxxx]; [Funding Agency #2] under Grant [number xxxx]; and [Funding Agency #3] under Grant [number xxxx].

Competing interests

  • Include or confirm the competing interests required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Data availability statement

  • Include or confirm the data availability statement required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Ethics statement

  • Include or confirm the ethics statement required by the journal. Articlo checks this item and flags anything that still needs author input.

Blinded manuscript

  • Remove author names, affiliations, acknowledgements, and other direct identifiers from the blinded manuscript file.
  • The PDF should be uploaded as the “Manuscript - with author details”/”Manuscript - anonymous” file.

Cover letter

  • Using third-party material in your paper You must obtain the necessary permission to reuse third-party material in your article.
  • Should it be needed in a specific context, it must be cited only with the permission of its owner.
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  • The use of short extracts of text and some other types of material is usually permitted, on a limited basis, for the purposes of criticism and review without securing formal permission.
  • If you wish to include any material in your paper for which you do not hold copyright, and which is not covered by this informal agreement, you will need to obtain written permission from the copyright owner prior to submission.

Author contributions

  • Submitting authors should be prepared to submit CRediT roles for themselves and their co-authors (where applicable) as part of the submission process.

Title page and author information

  • The War Journal of Major Damon “Rocky” Gause (Short title) War Journal Information Classification: General “A Brief Account of the Reconstruction of Aristotle’s Protrepticus” (Short title) “Aristotle’s Protrepticus” Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht, 1940–1945 (Short title) Kriegstagebuch In short titles in languages other than English, no word should be omitted that governs the case ending of a word included in the short title.
  • Please ensure all listed authors meet the Taylor & Francis authorship criteria.All authors of a manuscript should include their full names and affiliations on the title page of the manuscript.
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  • One author will need to be identified as the corresponding author, with their email address normally displayed in the article PDF (depending on the journal) and the online article.

Article structure and word limits

  • Review: Review articles, political briefings, cultural briefings and roundtable discussions should generally no more than 3,000 words.
  • This could be adapted from your departmental website or academic networking profile and should be relatively brief (e.g. no more than 150 words).
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  • Margins Margins should be at least 2.5cm (1 inch).
  • It should be a maximum width of 525 pixels.
  • It follows a closing parenthesis. “This,” wrote George Templeton Strong, “is what our tailors can do.” (In an earlier book he had said quite the opposite.)2 The bias was apparent in the Shotwell series3—and it must be remembered that Shotwell was a student of Robinson’s.
  • Munich: Prestel- Verlag in association with the Art Institute of Chicago, 1987. e-book Non-Internet sources, typically those available for download or other delivery from a bookseller or library, should include an indication of the format (e.g., CD-ROM, Microsoft Reader e-book).
  • These instructions will ensure we have everything required so your paper can move through peer review, production and publication smoothly.
  • Your research funder or your institution may require you to publish your article open access.
  • Use our APC finder to view the APC for this journal.
  • You will also need to upload your LaTeX source files, which should be uploaded as a single zip file alongside your submission and marked as “LaTeX Source Files”.
  • Queries Should you have any queries, please visit our Author Services website or contact us here.
  • A note number should be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause.
  • For aesthetic reasons, a note number should never appear within or at the end of a chapter or article title or a subhead.
  • A note that applies to an entire chapter or article should be unnumbered and is usually placed at the foot of the first page of the piece, preceding any numbered notes.
  • A note that applies to more than one location should be cross-referenced; a note number cannot reappear out of sequence.
  • Caesar’s claim of constancy should be taken with a grain of salt.
  • More than three lines of poetry must be set off.
  • In addition, include a URL and, if the publisher or discipline requires it, or for especially time-sensitive material, an access date.
  • For a work intended for general readers, the version should be spelled out, at least on first occurrence.
  • Enough information should be given to allow readers to find the full title in a library or a publisher’s catalogue.
  • Note that it is not sufficient simply to provide the URL; as far as they can be determined, the full facts of publication should be recorded.
  • Place of publication Traditionally the facts of publication include the place (city), the publisher, and the date (year).
  • The capitalization of the remaining components varies; because some URLs are case sensitive, they should not be edited for style.
  • A hyphen should never be added to a URL to denote a line break, nor should a hyphen that is part of a URL appear at the end of a line.
  • The absence of a name should be explained (e.g., ‘All interviews were conducted in confidentiality, and the names of interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement’).
  • When the year itself serves as volume number, it is an indispensable element and should therefore not be enclosed in parentheses.
  • Data on author and publisher may not fit the normal pattern, but sufficient information should be given to identify the document.
  • An email address belonging to an individual should be omitted.
  • The word ‘letter’ is unnecessary, but other forms, such as reports or memoranda, should be specified.
  • Some words are always capitalized; some are always lowercased (unless used as the first or last word in a title); others require a decision.
  • The facts of publication are often omitted, but the edition (if not the first) must be specified.
  • If page numbers are available, they should be given.
  • Any article not yet accepted should be treated as an unpublished manuscript.
  • Before you submit your article, make sure you’ve checked the instructions for authors for your chosen journal, so you are aware of everything required.
  • Most journals create image descriptions during the production process, but a minority may require authors to provide image descriptions.
  • Review: Running heads and received dates These aren’t required when submitting a manuscript for review.
  • Please use SI units (non-italicized).
  • The order of the words should not be changed (for example, Daily Notes of a Trip around the World should be shortened not to World Trip but to Daily Notes or Around the World).
  • If the URL in the example above should become invalid, readers could presumably find the electronic text by conducting a search for the stated title and author—information that the syntax of a URL may not reveal.
  • The word ‘Press’ can sometimes be omitted (for Information Classification: General example, Pergamon Press and Ecco Press can be abbreviated to Pergamon and Ecco, but Free Press and New Press must be given in full). ‘Press’ should not be omitted from the name of a university press because the university itself may issue publications independent of its press.
  • In a printed work, if a URL has to be broken at the end of a line, the break should be made after a double slash (//) or a single slash (/); before a tilde (˜), a period, a comma, a hyphen, an underline (_), a question mark, a number sign, or a percent symbol; or before or after an equals sign or an ampersand.
  • Special characters If you are preparing your manuscript in Microsoft Word and your article contains special characters, accents, or diacritics, we recommend you follow these steps: European accents (Greek, Hebrew, or Cyrillic letters, or phonetic symbols): choose Times New Roman font from the dropdown menu in the “Insert symbol” window and insert the character you require.
  • Special characters If you are preparing your manuscript in Microsoft Word and your article contains special characters, accents, or diacritics, we recommend you follow these steps: Asian languages (such as Sanskrit, Korean, Chinese, or Japanese): choose Arial Unicode font from the dropdown menu in the “Insert symbol” window and insert the character you require.
  • Please do not embed it in the manuscript file but save it as a separate file, labelled GraphicalAbstract1.
  • An initial definite article (Le, Der, etc.) should be retained, since it may govern the Information Classification: General inflection of the following word.
  • If the publisher or discipline requires it, or for especially time-sensitive data, also record in parentheses the date the material was last retrieved.
  • In bibliographic listings the original publication details—at least the date—are often the more relevant.
  • Place of publication and date may be omitted unless relevant.
  • Also record an access date, if the publisher or discipline requires it.
  • If you are at the early stage of your research, you may also need to read how to start writing a journal manuscript.
  • Image descriptions are typically used by systems such as pronouncing screen readers to make images accessible to people that cannot read or see the object due to a visual disability.
  • Not only is such information more relevant by definition when it is a question of “multimedia,” but, given the wide variety of medium types, such information will give some indication of what software or hardware may be needed to gain access to the source.
  • For online or other electronic sources that do not have a direct print counterpart (such as an institutional web site or a Weblog), give as much information as you can in addition to the URL.
  • Place: Publisher, forthcoming.
  • If, for some reason, both the original and the translation need to be cited, either of the following forms may be used, depending on whether the original or the translation is of greater interest to readers.

Preprints and prior publication

  • If you have shared an earlier version of your Author’s Original Manuscript on a preprint server, please be aware that anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Artificial intelligence disclosure

  • Add or confirm the author-written Artificial intelligence statement; Articlo flags it if author input is still needed.
  • Please include a statement disclosing whether and how generative AI has been used in the research and manuscript preparation process.
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  • Please read our guidance on using AI tools in your research and manuscript preparatio n to understand scenarios where their use may be permissible, and the required information that must be disclosed.

Language and text style

  • In those rare instances when a title is given only in translation but no published translation of the work is listed, the original language must be specified. Information Classification: General 8.
  • Please use American spelling and punctuation style consistently throughout your manuscript, e.g. include commas and periods inside of quotation marks.
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  • Please use double quotation marks, except where "a quotation is 'within' a quotation".
  • Please note that long quotations should be indented without quotation marks.
  • Article title Titles of articles are set in roman (except for words or phrases that require italics, such as species names or book titles).
  • If a title is given only in English translation, however, the original language must be specified.
  • With foreign- language journals and magazines, an initial article should be retained (e.g., Der Spiegel).
  • The different abbreviations for ‘command’ indicate the series and must not be altered.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Fourth-level headings should be in bold italics, at the beginning of a paragraph.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Fifth-level headings should be in italics, at the beginning of a paragraph.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Second-level headings should be in bold italics, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: Third-level headings should be in italics, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.

Manuscript structure

  • Headings This will show you the different levels of the heading section in your article: First-level headings (e.g. Introduction, Conclusion) should be in bold, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.
  • A note that applies to a section following a subhead should be placed in an appropriate place in the text—perhaps after the first sentence in the section.
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What your package checks

Abstract: 150 words
Paper: 12,000 words
Declarations: Artificial intelligence
Format: Times New Roman

Source transparency

This preparation guide uses published journal-specific author requirements. Journal instructions can change, so authors should complete a final review before submission.

Open official guideline source